Grade 1 Math Multi-digit Subtraction
Multi-digit Subtraction
Parts
of Subtraction Sentence:
Parts
of Subtraction Sentence:
|
7
🠉 Minuend |
-
🠉 Minus Sign |
2
🠉 Subtrahend |
=
🠉 Equal Sign |
5
🠉 Difference |
Subtraction: Minuend = Subtrahend
When
minuend and subtrahend are same, then the difference is 0.
Example:
7 –
7 = 0.
100 – 100 = 0.
Subtraction:
Minuend > Subtrahend
(a)
When minuend is 1 digit number and subtrahend is 1 digit number also, then we
will find the difference as a simple counting process.
Example:
7 –
3 = ?.
Start
counting after 1 step of subtrahend to the minuend. That is 4, 5, 6, 7. Here total
process no = 4.
So,
7 – 3 = 4.
Another
process:
Draw
7 counters-
🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩 –
7 counters
🟩🟩🟩🟩❎❎❎ -
cross marked 3 counters
Now
count non-crossed counters and get 4.
So,
7 - 3 = 4.
(b)
When minuend all digits are bigger than all digits of subtrahend, then we
can get the difference as a simple process as like a.
Example:
53
– 21 = ?.
Here,
Minuend
tens – subtrahend tens = 5 – 2 = 3.
Minuend
ones – Subtrahend ones = 3 – 1 = 2.
So,
53 – 21 = 32.
Some other examples:
(i)
89 – 43 = 46.
(ii)
43 – 3 = 40.
(iii)
56 – 12 = 44.
(c)
When minuend all digits are not bigger than all digits of subtrahend, then
we can get the difference as the following process:
43
– 25 = ?
Here,
Minuend
ones – subtrahend ones
=
3 – 5
For
this type issue, we shall put 1 before 3 (minuend ones).
So,
13 – 5 = 8.
Now,
Minuend
tens – subtrahend tens
=
4 – 2
=
2
But
for using 1 before minuend ones, the subtraction process for tens values of
above numbers is:
Minuend
tens – subtrahend tens - 1
=
4 – 2 - 1
=
2 – 1
=
1
So,
43 – 25 = 18.
Subtraction:
Minuend < Subtrahend
When the minuend is smaller than the subtrahend, then we shall use a minus sign before the difference
and we shall get the difference considering the minuend as subtrahend and
subtrahend as minuend.
Example:
4 –
9 = ?
considering
the minuend as subtrahend and subtrahend as minuend:
9 –
4 = 5.
So,
4 – 9 = - 5.
1. Find the difference.
(a)
i.
9 – 6 = ?
ii.
12 – 9 = ?
iii.
46 – 13 = ?
(b)
45
– 26 = ?
22
– 14 = ?
77
– 48 = ?
(c)
0 –
0 = ?
1 –
5 = ?
6 –
20 = ?
Solution:
(a)
i.
9 – 6 = 3.
ii.
12 – 9 = 3.
iii.
46 – 13 = 33.
(b)
45
– 26 = 19.
22
– 14 = 8.
77
– 48 = 29.
(c)
0 –
0 = 0
1 –
5 = -4.
6 –
20 = -14.