JSC (Class 8) Math BD: অষ্টম শ্রেণি সাধারণ গণিতঃ অনুশীলনী-৫.২ ভগ্নাংশের গুন ও ভাগ (14-15) Part 2
ভগ্নাংশের গুণ ও ভাগ
এই অধ্যায়ের ১ম অংশঃ
JSC (Class 8) Math BD: অষ্টম শ্রেণি সাধারণ গণিতঃ অনুশীলনী-৫.২ ভগ্নাংশের গুন ও ভাগ (1-13) Part 1
১৪. ভাগ করঃ (১ম
রাশিকে ২য় রাশি দ্বারা)
সমাধানঃ
প্রদত্ত ভাগগুলোর সমাধান নিচে দেখানো হলোঃ
(ক)
|
3x2 ------- ÷
2a
|
4y2 -------
15zx
|
=
|
3x2 ------- ✕
2a
|
15zx -------
4y2
|
=
|
45x2z ---------
8ay2
|
|
(খ)
|
9a2b2 --------- ÷
4c2
|
16a2b ----------
3c3
|
=
|
9a2b2 --------- ✕
4c2
|
3c3 ----------
16a2b
|
=
|
27bc --------
64a
|
|
(গ)
|
21a4b4c4 ------------- ÷
4x3y3z3
|
7a2b2c2 -----------
12xyz
|
=
|
21a4b4c4 -------------- ✕
4x3y3z3
|
12xyz -----------
7a2b2c2
|
=
|
9a2b2c2 ----------
x2y2c2
|
|
(ঘ)
|
x ------ ÷
y
|
x+y --------
y
|
=
|
x ------ ✕
y
|
y --------
x+y
|
=
|
x --------
x+y
|
|
(ঙ)
|
(a+b)2 ---------- ÷
(a-b)2
|
a2-b2 --------
a+b
|
=
|
(a+b)2 ---------- ✕
(a-b)2
|
a+b ---------
a2-b2
|
=
|
(a+b)(a+b)(a+b) -------------------------
(a-b)(a-b)(a-b)(a+b)
|
|
=
|
(a+b)2 -----------
(a-b)3 |
(চ) |
x3-y3 --------- ÷
x+y
|
x2+xy+y2 -------------
x2-y2
|
=
|
x3-y3 --------- ✕
x+y
|
x2-y2 ------------
x2+xy+y2
|
= |
(x3-y3)( x2-y2) ----------------------
(x+y)( x2+xy+y2)
|
|
=
|
(x-y)(x2+xy+y2)( x2-y2) ---------------------------
(x+y)( x2+xy+y2)
|
|
=
|
(x-y)( x2-y2) --------------
(x+y)
|
|
=
|
(x-y)( x-y)(x+y) ------------------
(x+y)
|
|
= |
(x-y)(x-y) |
|
= |
(x-y)2 |
|
(ছ)
|
a3+b3 ---------- ÷
a-b
|
a2-ab+b2 --------------
a2-b2
|
=
|
a3+b3 ---------- ✕
a-b
|
a2-b2 -------------
a2-ab+b2
|
=
|
(a3+b3)( a2-b2) -----------------------
(a-b)( a2-ab+b2)
|
|
=
|
(a+b)( a2-ab+b2)( a2-b2) -----------------------------
(a-b)( a2-ab+b2)
|
|
=
|
(a+b)( a2-b2) ------------------
(a-b)
|
|
=
|
(a+b)( a-b)(a+b) --------------------
(a-b)
|
|
= |
(a+b)2 |
|
(জ)
|
x2-7x+12 ------------ ÷
x2-4
|
x2-16 ------------
x2-3x+2
|
=
|
x2-7x+12 -------------- ✕
x2-4
|
x2-3x+2 ------------
x2-16
|
=
|
(x2-7x+12)( x2-3x+2) -------------------------
(x2-4)( x2-16)
|
|
=
|
(x2-3x-4x+12)( x2-2x-x+2) ------------------------------
(x2-22)(
x2-42)
|
|
=
|
{x(x-3)-4(x-3)}{x(x-2)-1(x-2)} --------------------------------
(x-2)(x+2)(x-4)(x+4)
|
|
=
|
(x-3)(x-4)(x-2)(x-1) ------------------------
(x-2)(x+2)(x-4)(x+4)
|
|
=
|
(x-3)(x-1) --------------
(x+2)(x+4) |
(ঝ)
|
x2-x-30 ------------ ÷
x2-36
|
x2+13x+40 ----------------
x2+x-56
|
=
|
x2-x-30 ------------ ✕
x2-36
|
x2+x-56 --------------
x2+13x+40
|
=
|
(x2-x-30)( x2+x-56) ----------------------------
(x2-36)( x2+13x+40)
|
|
=
|
(x2-6x+5x-30)( x2+8x-7x-56) ---------------------------------
(x2-62)(
x2+8x+5x+40)
|
|
=
|
{x(x-6)+5(x-6)}{x(x+8)-7(x+8)} -----------------------------------
(x-6)(x+6){x(x+8)+5(x+8)}
|
|
=
|
(x+5)(x-6)(x+8)(x-7) -------------------------
(x-6)(x+6)(x+8)(x+5)
|
|
=
|
(x-7) --------
(x+6)
|
১৫. সরল করঃ
সমাধানঃ
প্রদত্ত সরল সমাধান নিচে দেখানো হলোঃ
(ক)
|
( |
1 -- +
x
|
1 --
y
|
)✕( |
1 -- -
x
|
1 --
y
|
) |
|
=
|
y+x ------- ✕
xy
|
y-x ------
xy
|
|
|
|
|
|
=
|
y2-x2 --------
x2y2
|
|
|
|
|
(খ)
|
( |
1 ---- +
1+x
|
2x ------
1-x2
|
)( |
1 -- -
x
|
1 ----
x2
|
) |
=
|
{ |
1-x+2x --------------
(1-x)(1+x)
|
}( |
x-1 ------
x2
|
) |
|
|
=
|
(1+x) --------------- ✕
(1-x)(1+x)
|
(x-1) --------
x2
|
|
|
|||
= |
(1+x) --------------- ✕
(1-x)(1+x)
|
-(1-x) --------
x2
|
|
|
|||
=
|
-1 ---------
x2
|
|
|
|
|
|
(চ)
|
( |
2x+y --------
x+y
|
-1) ÷ (
1 - |
y -------
x+y
|
) |
=
|
2x+y-1(x+y) -----------------
x+y
|
1(x+y)-y ÷ -----------
x+y
|
|
|
|
=
|
2x+y-x-y -------------- ✕
x+y
|
x+y -----------
x+y-y
|
|
|
|
=
|
x
|
1 ✕-----
x
|
|
|
|
= |
1 |
|
|
|
|
(ছ)
|
( |
a ----- -
a+b
|
b ------
a-b
|
)÷( |
a ---- -
a-b
|
b -----
a+b
|
) |
=
|
a(a-b)+b(a+b) --------------------
(a-b)(a+b)
|
÷
|
a(a+b)-b(a-b) ---------------
(a-b)(a+b)
|
|
|||
=
|
a2-ab+ab+b2 -------------------
(a-b)(a+b)
|
✕ |
(a-b)(a+b) --------------
a2+ab-ab+b2
|
|
|||
=
|
a2+b2 ------------
(a-b)(a+b)
|
✕ |
(a-b)(a+b) --------------
a2+b2
|
|
|
||
= |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(জ)
|
( |
a2+b2 ----------
2ab
|
-1) ÷ ( |
a3-b3 ---------
a-b
|
-3ab) |
=
|
a2+b2-2ab ---------------
2ab
|
÷
|
a3-b3-3ab(a-b) --------------------
a-b
|
||
=
|
(a-b)2 ---------- ✕
2ab
|
a-b -----------
(a-b)3
|
|
||
=
|
1 -------
2ab
|
|
|
|
ঝ.
|
(x+y)2-4xy --------------- ÷
(a+b)2-4ab
|
x3-y3-3xy(x-y) -------------------
a3-b3-3ab(a-b)
|
=
|
(x-y)2 ---------- ÷
(a-b)2
|
(x-y)3 ----------
(a-b)3
|
=
|
(x-y)2 ---------- ✕
(a-b)2
|
(a-b)3 -----------
(x-y)3
|
=
|
a-b --------
x-y
|
|
|
JSC (Class 8) Math BD: অষ্টম শ্রেণি সাধারণ গণিতঃ অনুশীলনী-৫.২ ভগ্নাংশের গুন ও ভাগ (16-20) Part 3
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